Here are key takeaways:

1. Global investing operates under two regulatory systems. When an Indian investor buys foreign stocks, the investment is governed by regulators in India for capital movement and by regulators in the country where the investment is made.

2. RBI regulates money leaving India. The Reserve Bank of India sets the rules under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS), including the $250,000 annual remittance limit and the monitoring of outward capital flows.

3. SEBI oversees the Indian investment ecosystem. Indian mutual funds, brokers, advisers, and investment products operating within India fall under SEBI’s regulatory framework.

4. IFSCA supervises financial activity in GIFT City. Institutions operating from India’s international financial centre are regulated by IFSCA, which provides a framework for globally oriented financial services within India.

5. US markets are regulated by the SEC and FINRA. The SEC oversees exchanges, listed companies, and investment funds, while FINRA supervises broker-dealers and brokerage professionals handling investor trades.